1. Wajibi ne a fahimci bukatun kariya na abinci
Abinci daban-daban suna da nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban, kayan jiki da sinadarai, da sauransu, don haka abinci daban-daban suna da buƙatun kariya daban-daban don marufi.Misali,marufi na shayiYa kamata ya sami babban juriya na iskar oxygen (don hana abubuwan da ke aiki daga zama oxidized), babban juriya na danshi (shayin ya zama m kuma ya lalace lokacin da aka rigaya), juriya mai haske (chlorophyll a cikin shayi zai canza a ƙarƙashin aikin hasken rana), da babban juriya ga ƙanshi.(Abubuwan kamshi na kwayoyin shayi suna da saukin fitarwa, kuma warin shayin ya bace. Bugu da kari, ganyen shayi ma yana da saukin shanye warin waje), kuma a halin yanzu ana hada wani bangare mai yawa na shayin da ke kasuwa a cikin na yau da kullun. PE, PP da sauran jakunkuna na filastik masu haske, wanda ke lalata kayan aikin shayi mai mahimmanci, ba za a iya tabbatar da ingancin shayi ba.
Sabanin abincin da ke sama, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari, da dai sauransu suna da zaɓuɓɓukan numfashi bayan zabar, wato, ana buƙatar marufi don samun nau'i daban-daban na iskar gas daban-daban.Misali,gasasshen kofi wakeza a sannu a hankali saki carbon dioxide bayan marufi, kumacukuHakanan zai samar da carbon dioxide bayan an shirya, don haka marufin su yakamata ya zama babban shingen iskar oxygen da haɓakar iskar carbon dioxide.Abubuwan kariya don marufi na danyen nama, abincin nama da aka sarrafa,abubuwan sha, abun ciye-ciye, kumakayan gasakuma sun bambanta sosai.Don haka, ya kamata a tsara marufi a kimiyyance bisa ga kaddarorin abincin da kansa da kuma abubuwan kariya na ruwa.
2. Zaɓi kayan tattarawa tare da aikin kariya mai dacewa
Kayan kayan abinci na zamani sun haɗa da robobi, takarda, kayan haɗin gwiwa (kayan abubuwa masu yawa masu yawa kamar filastik / filastik, filastik / takarda, filastik / aluminum, foil / takarda / filastik, da dai sauransu), kwalabe gilashi, gwangwani na karfe Jira.Muna mayar da hankali kan kayan haɗin gwiwa da kuma marufi na tushen filastik.
1) Abubuwan da aka haɗa
Abubuwan da aka haɗa sune mafi bambance-bambancen da aka yi amfani da su a ko'ina.A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan robobi sama da 30 da ake amfani da su wajen hada kayan abinci, kuma akwai daruruwan kayayyakin hada-hada da ke dauke da robobi.Abubuwan da aka haɗa gabaɗaya suna amfani da yadudduka 2-6, amma suna iya isa yadudduka 10 ko fiye don buƙatu na musamman.Yin amfani da na'ura na filastik, takarda ko na'ura mai laushi, foil aluminum da sauran kayan aiki, kimiyya da ma'auni mai ma'ana ko dacewa, na iya kusan cika buƙatun marufi na abinci daban-daban.Misali, rayuwar shiryayye na madarar Tetra Pak da aka yi da abubuwa masu yawa kamar filastik/kwali/aluminum-roba/roba na iya zama tsawon rabin shekara zuwa shekara.Rayuwar rayuwar wasu manyan shingaye masu sassauƙa na gwangwani na nama na iya zama na tsawon shekaru 3, kuma rayuwar da aka haɗa da kek a wasu ƙasashe masu tasowa na iya kaiwa sama da shekara guda.Bayan shekara guda, abinci mai gina jiki, launi, ƙamshi, ɗanɗano, siffa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin kek ɗin har yanzu suna saduwa da buƙatu.Lokacin zayyana marufi masu haɗaka, ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga zaɓin abubuwan da ake buƙata don kowane Layer, haɗin gwiwar dole ne ya zama na kimiyya da ma'ana, kuma cikakken aikin kowane haɗin Layer dole ne ya dace da buƙatun abinci don marufi.
2) Filastik
Akwai robobi guda goma sha biyar ko shida da ake amfani da su wajen hada kayan abinci a kasata, kamar PE, PP, PS, PET, PA, PVDC, EVA, PVA, EVOH, PVC, ionomer resin, da dai sauransu. tare da babban juriya na iskar oxygen sun hada da PVA, EVOH, PVDC, PET, PA, da dai sauransu, wadanda ke da juriya mai girma sun hada da PVDC, PP, PE, da dai sauransu;wadanda ke da babban juriya ga radiation kamar PS aromatic nailan, da dai sauransu;waɗanda ke da ƙarancin zafin jiki kamar PE, EVA, POET, PA, da sauransu;mai kyau juriya na man fetur da kaddarorin inji, irin su ionomer resin, PA, PET, da dai sauransu, waɗanda suke da tsayayya ga haifuwa mai zafi da ƙananan zafin jiki, irin su PET, PA, da dai sauransu. Tsarin kwayoyin monomer na robobi daban-daban ya bambanta, digiri. na polymerization ne daban-daban, da nau'i da yawa na Additives ne daban-daban, da kaddarorin kuma daban-daban.Ko da kaddarorin maki daban-daban na filastik iri ɗaya za su bambanta.Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don zaɓar robobi masu dacewa ko haɗuwa da filastik da sauran kayan bisa ga bukatun.Zaɓin da bai dace ba na iya sa ingancin abinci ya ragu ko ma ya rasa ƙimar da za a ci.
3.da amfani da ci-gaba fasahar marufi
Domin tsawaita rayuwar shiryayye na abinci, sabbin fasahohin fakitin da ake haɓakawa koyaushe, kamar fakitin aiki, fakitin anti-mold, fakitin tabbatar da danshi, fakitin anti-hazo, fakitin anti-a tsaye, marufi mai zaɓin numfashi, mara zamewa. marufi, buffer packaging, da dai sauransu, ana amfani da su sosai a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa.Ba a yin amfani da sabbin fasahohi sosai a ƙasata, kuma wasu hanyoyin ba su da komai.Aiwatar da waɗannan fasahohin ci-gaba na iya haɓaka aikin kariya na marufi.
4. Zaɓin injunan kayan aiki da kayan aiki masu goyan bayan fasahar sarrafa abinci
Domin saduwa da buƙatun fasahar sarrafa abinci, an ƙirƙira sabbin kayan aiki iri-iri, irin su injinan tattara kaya, injinan buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buƙatu, injin marufi mai zafi, injin marufi, injin fakitin fata, kayan aikin thermoforming, ruwa. Injin cikawa, ƙirar ƙira / cikawa / hatimi na injunan buɗaɗɗen, cikakkun saiti na kayan aikin marufi na aseptic, da dai sauransu bisa ga zaɓin kayan da aka zaɓa da hanyoyin aiwatar da marufi, zaɓi ko ƙira na injin ɗin marufi wanda ya dace da fasahar sarrafa abinci da ƙarfin samarwa shine garantin. marufi mai nasara.
5. Model da kuma tsarin tsarin ya kamata ya dace da bukatun kimiyya
Tsarin marufi ya kamata ya dace da buƙatun geometric, kuma yayi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da mafi ƙarancin kayan tattarawa don yin babban akwati mai girma, wanda zai iya adana kayan marufi da biyan bukatun kare muhalli.Tsarin tsari na kwandon marufi ya kamata ya dace da buƙatun inji, kuma ƙarfin matsawa, juriya mai ƙarfi, da juriya juriya yakamata ya dace da buƙatun ajiya, sufuri da tallace-tallace na fakitin.Siffar siffa ta kwandon marufi ya kamata ya zama sabon salo.Alal misali, yin amfani da akwati mai siffar abarba don shirya ruwan abarba da akwati mai siffar apple don shirya ruwan apple da sauran kwantena masu kayatarwa sun cancanci haɓakawa.Ya kamata kwantenan marufi su kasance da sauƙin buɗewa ko buɗewa akai-akai, wasu kuma suna buƙatar buɗewa ko rufewa.
6. Bi ka'idodin marufi na ƙasata da ƙasashen fitarwa
Daga farko zuwa ƙarshe, kowane mataki na aikin marufi ya kamata ya zaɓi kayan, hatimi, bugu, damfara da lakabi bisa ga ƙa'idodin marufi, ƙa'idodi, da ƙa'idodi.Daidaitawa da daidaitawa suna gudana ta hanyar dukkanin tsarin marufi, wanda ke dacewa da samar da albarkatun kasa, rarraba kayayyaki da cinikayyar kasa da kasa, da dai sauransu, kwantena marufi Maimaitawa da zubar da kayan marufi ya kamata ya dace da bukatun kare muhalli.
7. Duban marufi
Marufi na zamani ya dogara ne akan nazarin kimiyya, ƙididdiga, zaɓin kayan abu mai ma'ana, ƙira da kayan ado, ta hanyar amfani da fasaha mai mahimmanci da kayan aiki da kayan aiki.A matsayin ƙwararrun kayayyaki, baya ga samfurin (abinci) yakamata a gwada, marufin kuma dole ne a yi gwaje-gwaje daban-daban.Irin su yanayin iska, ƙarancin danshi, juriya mai, juriya da danshi na kwandon marufi, hulɗar da ke tsakanin kwandon marufi (kayan abu) da abinci, ragowar adadin kayan marufi a cikin abinci, juriya na kayan marufi. zuwa abincin da aka shirya, kwandon kwandon ƙwanƙwasa Ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarfin fashewa, ƙarfin tasiri, da dai sauransu Akwai nau'o'in gwaje-gwajen marufi da yawa, kuma za'a iya zaɓar abubuwan gwaji bisa ga takamaiman yanayi da bukatun ka'idoji.
8. Marufi kayan ado zane da marufi zane iri wayar da kan jama'a
Ya kamata marufi da ƙirar kayan ado su dace da abubuwan sha'awa da halaye na masu amfani da masu amfani a cikin ƙasashen da ake fitarwa.Tsarin tsari ya fi dacewa da haɗin kai tare da ciki.Alamar kasuwanci ya kamata ta kasance a bayyane, kuma bayanin rubutun ya kamata ya dace da bukatun abinci.Ya kamata kwatancin samfur ya zama gaskiya.Ya kamata alamun kasuwanci su kasance masu jan hankali, masu sauƙin fahimta, masu sauƙin yadawa, kuma suna iya taka rawa wajen yaɗa jama'a.Zane-zanen marufi na samfuran suna ya kamata ya kasance da wayar da kai.Za'a iya maye gurbin wasu fakitin samfuran cikin sauƙi, wanda ke shafar tallace-tallace.Alal misali, wani nau'in vinegar a kasar Sin yana da kyakkyawan suna a Japan da kudu maso gabashin Asiya, amma yawan tallace-tallace bayan canza marufi ya ragu sosai.Ana zargin marufi.Don haka, ya kamata samfur ya kasance a tattare a kimiyance kuma ba za a iya canza shi cikin sauƙi ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-20-2022